Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre

Sreenivasan Ponnambalam

Dr Sreenivasan Ponnambalam

BSc, PhD, Birmingham
Reader in Human Disease Biology
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology

Background: BSc (1984), PhD (1988), Birmingham University. Postdoctoral work at Stanford University, USA (1988-1991) and Cancer Research UK, London (1991-1995). MRC Senior Research Fellow and Principal Investigator at the Wellcome Trust Biocentre & School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee (1995-2000). Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leeds (2000-2005), Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology (2005-2011), Reader in Human Disease Biology (2011-Present), Head of Endothelial Cell Biology Unit (2006-Present). Co-Director of the Leeds Bioimaging Facility.

Office: LIGHT 7.23
Phone: +44(0) 113 34 33007
Email: S.Ponnambalam@leeds.ac.uk

Centre membership:

You can read more about Dr Ponnambalam's interests here:
www.astbury.leeds.ac.uk/People/staffpage.php?StaffID=VP
www.fbs.leeds.ac.uk/research/ECBU/

Research Interests

Mechanisms of Cancer & Cardiovascular Disease Initiation & Progression
Vascular Disease Diagnosis & Therapeutics

The endothelial cell monolayer that lines all blood vessels play key roles in regulating normal body function and disease states. My laboratory (within the Endothelial Cell Biology Unit) is studying how growth factors and lipid particles regulate intracellular signalling and endothelial function. Understanding such phenomena is also allowing us to devise new tools and assays for disease diagnosis for therapy. The Endothelial Cell Biology Unit also comprises Dr. John Walker (IMCB) and Prof. Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam (Vascular Surgery, Medicine) and brings a broad-based translational medicine approach towards understanding vascular function linked to human disease diagnosis and treatment.

Projects in the Ponnambalam laboratory:

A human endothelial cell has cylindrical granules containing the vascular hormone, Von Willebrand Factor

(1) Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) binds receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) on the surface of endothelial cells to activate intracellular signalling, vasodilation (reduced blood pressure), vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and wound healing. A key feature of endothelial cells is their ability to mediate angiogenesis i.e. the sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels. Understanding how VEGF-A regulates VEGFR signalling will provide knowledge for better pro-angiogenic (to repair damaged blood vessels after heart attacks) or anti-angiogenic (to block blood vessel growth during cancer metastasis) therapies.

(2) The human lectin-like LOX-1 scavenger receptor promotes atherosclerotic plaque initiation and progression. Genetic mutations or polymorphisms in LOX-1 show increased incidence of heart attacks suggesting that this may be a good target for vascular disease diagnosis and prevention. This membrane protein is expressed on different vascular tissues including the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle and leukocytes (monocytes and macrophages). Understanding how LOX-1 functions in vascular physiology will enable us to target it in blocking atherosclerotic plaque initiation and progression. We are also initiating clinical studies to evaluate these and other factors as vascular disease biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease prevention.

Current Projects

Our work is funded by the British Heart Foundation, The Wellcome Trust, Heart Research UK, BBSRC, Yorkshire Knowledge Transfer Organisation (Yorkshire Forward), York NHS Hospitals Trust & Overseas Research Scholarships

Studentship information

Undergraduate project topics:

Expression and localisation of human protein kinases
Keywords: Cancer, heart disease, protein kinases, gene manipulation, cell culture, microscopy (Laboratory)
Expression and localisation of human scavenger receptors
Keywords: Heart disease, membrane proteins, gene manipulation, cell culture, microscopy (Laboratory)
Heart disease, lipid metabolism and therapeutics
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, lipoproteins, lipid particles, receptors, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, plaque formation and progression (Literature)
Receptor tyrosine kinases: targets for therapy in human disease
Keywords: Growth factors, receptor tyrosine kinases, oncogenes, signalling, cancer (Literature)

Postgraduate studentship areas:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-mediated control of endothelial function
LOX-1 scavenger receptor-mediated regulation of leukocyte and endothelial function in vascular tissues

Publications

Bruns AF; Herbert SP; Odell AF; Jopling HM; Hooper NM; Zachary IC; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S Ligand-Stimulated VEGFR2 Signaling is Regulated by Co-Ordinated Trafficking and Proteolysis TRAFFIC 11 161-174, 2010
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.01001.x

Herbert SP; Odell AF; Ponnambalam S; Walker JH Activation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A(2)-alpha as a Novel Mechanism Regulating Endothelial Cell Cycle Progression and Angiogenesis JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 284 5784-5796, 2009
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M807282200

Jopling HM; Odell AF; Hooper NM; Zachary IC; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S Rab GTPase Regulation of VEGFR2 Trafficking and Signaling in Endothelial Cells ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 29 1119-U206, 2009
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.186239

Mittar S; Ulyatt C; Howell GJ; Bruns AF; Zachary I; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S VEGFR1 receptor tyrosine kinase localization to the Golgi apparatus is calcium-dependent EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH 315 877-889, 2009
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.12.020

Murphy JE; Vohra RS; Dunn S; Holloway ZG; Monaco AP; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S Oxidised LDL internalisation by the LOX-1 scavenger receptor is dependent on a novel cytoplasmic motif and is regulated by dynamin-2 JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 121 2136-2147, 2008
DOI:10.1242/jcs.020917

Latham AM; Bruns AF; Kankanala J; Johnson AP; Fishwick CWG; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Ponnambalam S Indolinones and anilinophthalazines differentially target VEGF-A- and basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated responses in primary human endothelial cells BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 165 245-259, 2012
DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01545.x

Mughal NA; Russell DA; Ponnambalam S; Homer-Vanniasinkam S Gene therapy in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease British Journal of Surgery 99 6-15, 2012

Kankanala J; Latham AM; Johnson AP; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Fishwick CWG; Ponnambalam S A combinatorial in silico and cellular approach to identify a new class of compounds that target VEGFR2 receptor tyrosine kinase activity and angiogenesis BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 166 737-748, 2012
DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01801.x

Odell AF; Hollstein M; Ponnambalam S; Walker JH A VE-cadherin-PAR3-α-catenin complex regulates the Golgi localization and activity of cytosolic phospholipase A 2α in endothelial cells Molecular Biology of the Cell 23 1783-1796, 2012

Ponnambalam S Different sorts for different sprouts BLOOD 118 490-491, 2011
DOI:10.1182/blood-2011-05-356592

Ulyatt C; Walker J; Ponnambalam S Hypoxia differentially regulates VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 levels and alters intracellular signaling and cell migration in endothelial cells BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 404 774-779, 2011
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.057

Ponnambalam S; Alberghina M Evolution of the VEGF-Regulated Vascular Network from a Neural Guidance System MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY 43 192-206, 2011
DOI:10.1007/s12035-011-8167-3

Jopling HM; Howell GJ; Gamper N; Ponnambalam S The VEGFR2 receptor tyrosine kinase undergoes constitutive endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 410 170-176, 2011
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.093

Latham AM; Molina-Paris C; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Ponnambalam S An integrative model for vascular endothelial growth factor A as a tumour biomarker INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2 397-407, 2010
DOI:10.1039/c0ib00008f

Stephen SL; Freestone K; Dunn S; Twigg MW; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Walker JH; Wheatcroft SB; Ponnambalam S Scavenger receptors and their potential as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Int J Hypertens 2010 646929-, 2010
DOI:10.4061/2010/646929

Bao L; Redondo C; Findlay JBC; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S Deciphering soluble and membrane protein function using yeast systems MOLECULAR MEMBRANE BIOLOGY 26 127-135, 2009
DOI:10.1080/09687680802637652

Thomas JC; Vohra RS; Beer S; Bhatti K; Ponnambalam S; Homer-Vanniasinkam S Biomarkers in Peripheral Arterial Disease TRENDS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 19 147-151, 2009

Bruns AF; Bao L; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S VEGF-A-stimulated signalling in endothelial cells via a dual receptor tyrosine kinase system is dependent on co-ordinated trafficking and proteolysis BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS 37 1193-1197, 2009
DOI:10.1042/BST0371193

Vohra RS; Walker JH; Howell GJ; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Ponnambalam S The LOX-1 scavenger receptor cytoplasmic domain contains a transplantable endocytic motif BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 383 269-274, 2009
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.012

Dunn S; Vohra RS; Murphy JE; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S The lectin-like oxidized low-density-lipoprotein receptor: a pro-inflammatory factor in vascular disease BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 409 349-355, 2008
DOI:10.1042/BJ20071196

Vohra RS; Dunn S; Howell GJ; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S; Homer-Vanniasinkam S A novel mechanism for cellular recognition and endocytosis of pro-atherogenic oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) by the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein scavenger receptor-1 (LOX-1), 2008

Bhatti K; Thomas JC; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Ponnambalam S Scavenger receptors: therapeutic targets and vascular disease biomarkers? International Atherosclerosis Society -, 2008

Vohra R; Murphy J; Walker J; Ponnambalam S; Homer-Vanniasinkam S A novel approach towards monitoring of pro-atherogenic oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles, 2007

Herbert SP; Odell AF; Ponnambalam S; Walker JH The confluence-dependent interaction of cytosolic phospholipase A2-alpha with annexin A1 regulates endothelial cell prostaglandin E2 generation., 2007
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M701541200

Herbert SP; Odell AF; Ponnambalam S; Walker JH The confluence-dependent interaction of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha with annexin A1 regulates endothelial cell prostaglandin E-2 generation JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 282 34468-34478, 2007
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M701541200

Vohra RS; Murphy JE; Walker JH; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Ponnambalam S Functional refolding of a recombinant C-type lectin-like domain containing intramolecular disulfide bonds PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION 52 415-421, 2007
DOI:10.1016/j.pep.2006.11.012

Vohra RS; Murphy J; Walker JH; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Ponnambalam S Refolding and functional characterization of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein scavenger receptor (LOX-1)., 2007

Netherton CL; McCrossan M; Denyer M; Ponnambalam S; Armstrong J; Takamatsu H; Wileman TE African swine fever virus causes microtubule-dependent dispersal of the trans-golgi network and slows delivery of membrane protein to the plasma membrane JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 80 11385-11392, 2006
DOI:10.1128/JVI.00439-06

Murphy JE; Tacon D; Tedbury PR; Hadden JM; Knowling S; Sawamura T; Peckham M; Phillips SEV; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S LOX-1 scavenger receptor mediates calcium-dependent recognition of phosphatidylserine and apoptotic cells BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 393 107-115, 2006

Ewan LC; Jopling HM; Jia H; Mittar S; Bagherzadeh A; Howell GJ; Walker JH; Zachary IC; Ponnambalam S Intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity is required for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ubiquitination, sorting and degradation in endothelial cells TRAFFIC 7 1270-1282, 2006
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2006.00462.x

Howell GJ; Holloway ZG; Cobbold C; Monaco AP; Ponnambalam S Cell biology of membrane trafficking in human disease INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY - A SURVEY OF CELL BIOLOGY, VOL 252 252 1-69, 2006
DOI:10.1016/S0074-7696(06)52005-4

Vohra RS; Murphy JE; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S; Homer-Vanniasinkam S Atherosclerosis and the lectin-like OXidized low-density lipoprotein scavenger receptor TRENDS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 16 60-64, 2006
DOI:10.1016/j.tcm.2005.12.001

Mankouri J; Taneja TK; Smith AJ; Ponnambalam S; Sivaprasadarao A Kir6.2 mutations causing neonatal diabetes prevent endocytosis of ATP-sensitive potassium channels EMBO JOURNAL 25 4142-4151, 2006
DOI:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601275

Grewal S; Herbert SP; Ponnambalam S; Walker JH Cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 localize to intracellular membranes of EA.hy.926 endothelial cells that are distinct from the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus FEBS JOURNAL 272 1278-1290, 2005
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04565.x

Murphy JE; Tedbury PR; Homer-Vanniasinkam S; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S Biochemistry and cell biology of mammalian scavenger receptors ATHEROSCLEROSIS 182 1-15, 2005
DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.036

Herbert SP; Ponnambalam S; Walker JH Cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha mediates endothelial cell proliferation and is inactivated by association with the Golgi apparatus MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL 16 3800-3809, 2005
DOI:10.1091/mbc.E05-02-0164

Grewal S; Smith J; Ponnambalam S; Walker J Stimulation-dependent recruitment of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha to EA.hy.926 endothelial cell membranes leads to calcium-independent association EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 271 69-77, 2004
DOI:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03903.x

Cobbold C; Coventry J; Ponnambalam S; Monaco AP Actin and microtubule regulation of Trans-Golgi network architecture, and copper-dependent protein transport to the cell surface MOLECULAR MEMBRANE BIOLOGY 21 59-66, 2004
DOI:10.1080/096870310001607350

Smith AJ; Mair LA; Ponnambalam S; Sivaprasadarao A Trafficking and functional defects associated with genetic mutations in the Kir6.2 subunit of K-ATP channels, 2004

Howell GJ; Herbert SP; Smith JM; Mittar S; Ewan LC; Mohammed M; Hunter AR; Simpson N; Turner AJ; Zachary I; Walker JH; Ponnambalam S Endothelial cell confluence regulates Weibel-Palade body formation MOLECULAR MEMBRANE BIOLOGY 21 413-421, 2004
DOI:10.1080/09687860400011571

Ponnambalam S; Baldwin SA Constitutive protein secretion from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane (Review) MOLECULAR MEMBRANE BIOLOGY 20 129-139, 2003
DOI:10.1080/0968768031000084172

Grewal S; Ponnambalam S; Walker JH Association of cPLA(2)-alpha and COX-1 with the Golgi apparatus of A549 human lung epithelial cells JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 116 2303-2310, 2003
DOI:10.1242/jcs.00446

O'Leary R; Ponnambalam S; Wood EJ Pioglitazone-induced myofibroblast cell death: implications for cutaneous scarring BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY 149 665-667, 2003
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05501.x

Cobbold C; Monaco AP; Sivaprasadarao A; Ponnambalam S Aberrant trafficking of transmembrane proteins in human disease TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY 13 639-647, 2003
DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2003.10.008

Cobbold C; Coventry J; Ponnambalam S; Monaco AP The Menkes disease ATPase (ATP7A) is internalized via a Rac1-regulated, clathrin- and caveolae-independent pathway HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 12 1523-1533, 2003
DOI:10.1093/hmg/ddg166

Ponnambalam S Foreword: Protein secretion and the Golgi apparatus MOLECULAR MEMBRANE BIOLOGY 20 97-98, 2003
DOI:10.1080/096878031000104935

Cobbold C; Ponnambalam S; Francis MJ; Monaco AP Novel membrane traffic steps regulate the exocytosis of the Menkes disease ATPase HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 11 2855-2866, 2002
DOI:10.1093/hmg/11.23.2855

Cobbold C; Francis M; Ponnambalam S; Monaco A Novel membrane traffic steps regulate the exocytosis of the Menkes disease ATPase, 2002

Coventry JA; Ponnambalam S; Monaco AP; Cobbold C The Menkes disease ATPase is internalised by a novel membrane traffic route mediated by Rac1 GTPase, 2002

Grewal S; Morrison EE; Ponnambalam S; Walker JH Nuclear localisation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha in the EA.hy.926 human endothelial cell line is proliferation dependent and modulated by phosphorylation JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 115 4533-4543, 2002
DOI:10.1242/jcs.00148

Prescott AR; Farmaki T; Thomson C; James J; Paccaud JP; Tang BL; Hong WJ; Quinn M; Ponnambalam S; Lucocq J Evidence for prebudding arrest of ER export in animal cell mitosis and its role in generating golgi partitioning intermediates TRAFFIC 2 321-335, 2001
DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2001.002005321.x

McCrossan M; Windsor M; Ponnambalam S; Armstrong J; Wileman T The trans Golgi network is lost from cells infected with African swine fever virus JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 75 11755-11765, 2001
DOI:10.1128/JVI.75.23.11755-11765.2001

McLauchlan HJ; James J; Lucocq JM; Ponnambalam S Characterization and regulation of constitutive transport intermediates involved in trafficking from the trans-Golgi network CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 25 705-713, 2001
DOI:10.1006/cbir.2001.0717

Towler MC; Prescott AR; James J; Lucocq JM; Ponnambalam S The manganese cation disrupts membrane dynamics along the secretory pathway EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH 259 167-179, 2000
DOI:10.1006/excr.2000.4958

Danzeisen R; Ponnambalam S; Lea RG; Page K; Gambling L; McArdle HJ The effect of ceruloplasmin on iron release from placental (BeWo) cells: Evidence for an endogenous Cu oxidase PLACENTA 21 805-812, 2000
DOI:10.1053/plac.2000.0582

Ponnambalam S; Clough S; Downes CP; Lucocq JM; McLauchlan HJ; Towler MC Lipid kinases and trans-Golgi network membrane dynamics BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS 27 670-673, 1999

Farmaki T; Ponnambalam S; Prescott AR; Clausen H; Tang BL; Hong WJ; Lucocq JM Forward and retrograde trafficking in mitotic animal cells - ER-Golgi transport arrest restricts protein export from the ER into COPII-coated structures JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 112 589-600, 1999

Francis MJ; Jones EE; Levy ER; Martin RL; Ponnambalam S; Monaco AP Identification of a di-leucine motif within the C terminus domain of the Menkes disease protein that mediates endocytosis from the plasma membrane JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 112 1721-1732, 1999

Francis MJ; Jones EE; Levy ER; Ponnambalam S; Chelly J; Monaco AP A Golgi localization signal identified in the Menkes recombinant protein HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 7 1245-1252, 1998
DOI:10.1093/hmg/7.8.1245

Banting G; Ponnambalam S TGN38 and its orthologues: Roles in post-TGN vesicle formation and maintenance of TGN morphology BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 1355 209-217, 1997
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4889(96)00146-2

Knight AM; Lucocq JM; Prescott AR; Ponnambalam S; Watts C Antigen endocytosis and presentation mediated by human membrane IgG1 in the absence of the Ig alpha/Ig beta dimer EMBO JOURNAL 16 3842-3850, 1997
DOI:10.1093/emboj/16.13.3842

Prescott AR; Lucocq JM; James J; Lister JM; Ponnambalam S Distinct compartmentalization of TGN46 and beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase in HeLa cells EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 72 238-246, 1997

Hickinson DM; Lucocq JM; Towler MC; Clough S; James J; James SR; Downes CP; Ponnambalam S Association of a phosphatidylinositol-specific 3-kinase with a human trans-Golgi network resident protein CURRENT BIOLOGY 7 987-990, 1997
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00418-0

Copier J; Kleijmeer MJ; Ponnambalam S; Oorschot V; Potter P; Trowsdale J; Kelly A Targeting signal and subcellular compartments involved in the intracellular trafficking of HLA-DMB JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 157 1017-1027, 1996

Ponnambalam S; Banting G Protein secretion: Sorting sweet sorting CURRENT BIOLOGY 6 1076-1078, 1996
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70669-6

Girotti M; Roquemore E; Ponnambalam S; Banting G TGN38 and its orthologues: The importance of the cytosolic domain, 1996

Ponnambalam S; Girotti M; Yaspo ML; Owen CE; Perry ACF; Suganuma T; Nilsson T; Fried M; Ranting G; Warren G Primate homologues of rat TGN38: Primary structure, expression and functional implications JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 109 675-685, 1996

PONNAMBALAM S; JACKSON A; LEBEAU M; PRAVTCHEVA D; RUDDLE F; ALIBERT C; PARHAM P CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION AND SOME STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF HUMAN CLATHRIN LIGHT-CHAIN GENES (CLTA AND CLTB) GENOMICS 24 440-444, 1994
DOI:10.1006/geno.1994.1650

PONNAMBALAM S; RABOUILLE C; LUZIO J; NILSSON T; WARREN G THE TGN38 GLYCOPROTEIN CONTAINS 2 NONOVERLAPPING SIGNALS THAT MEDIATE LOCALIZATION TO THE TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 125 253-268, 1994
DOI:10.1083/jcb.125.2.253

ARMSTRONG J; CRAIGHEAD M; WATSON R; PONNAMBALAM S; BOWDEN S SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE YPT5 - A HOMOLOG OF THE RAB5 ENDOSOME FUSION REGULATOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL 4 583-592, 1993

BRODSKY F; HILL B; ACTON S; NATHKE I; WONG D; PONNAMBALAM S; PARHAM P CLATHRIN LIGHT-CHAINS - ARRAYS OF PROTEIN MOTIFS THAT REGULATE COATED-VESICLE DYNAMICS TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES 16 208-213, 1991
DOI:10.1016/0968-0004(91)90087-C

PONNAMBALAM S; ROBINSON M; JACKSON A; PEIPERL L; PARHAM P CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY IN FAMILIES OF COATED VESICLE ADAPTINS JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 265 4814-4820, 1990

PONNAMBALAM S; CHAN B; BUSBY S FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SEQUENCE ELEMENTS IN THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI GALACTOSE OPERON P2 PROMOTER MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY 2 165-172, 1988
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00018.x

PONNAMBALAM S; SPASSKY A; BUSBY S STUDIES WITH THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI GALACTOSE OPERON REGULATORY REGION CARRYING A POINT MUTATION THAT SIMULTANEOUSLY INACTIVATES THE 2 OVERLAPPING PROMOTERS - INTERACTIONS WITH RNA-POLYMERASE AND THE CYCLIC-AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN FEBS LETTERS 219 189-196, 1987
DOI:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81214-0

PONNAMBALAM S; BUSBY S RNA-POLYMERASE MOLECULES INITIATING TRANSCRIPTION AT TANDEM PROMOTERS CAN COLLIDE AND CAUSE PREMATURE TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION FEBS LETTERS 212 21-27, 1987
DOI:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81549-1

JOHNSTON F; PONNAMBALAM S; BUSBY S BINDING OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI RNA-POLYMERASE TO A PROMOTER CARRYING MUTATIONS THAT STOP TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 195 745-748, 1987
DOI:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90194-X

BINGHAM A; PONNAMBALAM S; CHAN B; BUSBY S MUTATIONS THAT REDUCE EXPRESSION FROM THE P2 PROMOTER OF THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI GALACTOSE OPERON GENE 41 67-74, 1986
DOI:10.1016/0378-1119(86)90268-4

PONNAMBALAM S; WEBSTER C; BINGHAM A; BUSBY S TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION AT THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI GALACTOSE OPERON PROMOTERS IN THE ABSENCE OF THE NORMAL-35 REGION SEQUENCES JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 261 6043-6048, 1986

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